Cardiac fibrosis is a condition in which excessive collagen accumulation occurs in the heart, leading to stiffening of the heart muscle and impaired cardiac function. It is a common pathological feature of various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Cardiac fibrosis can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, and even sudden cardiac death. Research in this area focuses on understanding the mechanisms underlying fibrosis development, identifying potential therapeutic targets to prevent or reverse cardiac fibrosis, and developing novel treatments to improve outcomes for patients with fibrotic heart disease.